Strategic Plan Of Amazon Research Paper Example

Vital Plan Of Amazon Research Paper Example Vital Plan Of Amazon Paper Vital Plan Of Amazon Paper Amazon works In two fragments: North America and International. The Company furnishes its clients with the conceivable least costs by utilizing distinctive valuing procedures ND low transportation costs, and more proposals through the Amazon prime enrollment. Amazon offers certain projects that empower guaranteed merchants to sell their items on its sites and to satisfy requests, and assumes such liability by giving client support through email, phone all the occasions. Vital Plan Strategic arranging assumes indispensable job for business based associations to be a market chief in the portion and to convey effective administration esteems to the workers of the association and buyers of the business. Amazon s the best vital player in innovation and it didn't ascend to the top on the rundown by creating another item like Apple, Google, Microsoft however it rose due its solid vital profundity. Amazon Strategic arranging includes a lot of methods, arrangements, and structure and obviously content. Past these fundamental components, Amazon is generally excellent at its key arranging by foreseeing future and dealing with its gracefully chain. Amazon does the best by having a formal and incorporated arrangement set up and the way toward building the arrangement itself ends up being a higher priority than the real outcomes. Crucial Vision It is essential to have a dream and mission to be effective for an individual or an association; actually, the vision and statements of purpose are the key primary bits of arranging as the statement of purpose obviously clarifies why the Company is into business and whats the reason for association is. Statements of purpose depend on the accompanying data about the Company Products and administrations to be offered in the market Ta lament advertise Differing from contending different business associations Focusing on present moment and long haul business objectives The reason for vision explanation and statements of purpose isn't the equivalent. Vision explanations are diverse such that these announcements are worked to show where the organization is being gone to (Dooms, 2013). Vision proclamations fills in as a rules for an association to accomplish long haul business objectives. It is imperative to have a dream explanation if the key arranging process assembled takes the organization towards a ultimate objective. Amazon has had a reasonable concentration and a lone crucial the day it is propelled. Author Jeff Bozos has openly alluded to the Companys statement of purpose s the controlling power for its fruitful initiative choice commonly in the companys history (Barbara Farman 2012). Amazon Company consistently has its interminable pledge to the mission that is one of the main consideration lead the organization as a market chief. The strategic vision of Amazon. Mother Our vision is to be earths most client driven organization; to manufacture a spot where individuals can come to discover and find anything they should purchase on the web. Target Amazon organization principle destinations are Pricing objective is to win client and shopper trust, not to advance horn-term benefit in dollars (Andrea James, 2009) Become the best spot to purchase, discover and find any item or administration accessible online Goal The Companys extreme objective is the consumer loyalty alongside productive corporate development. As Amazon. Mother views itself as a client driven organization, it is fixated on client esteems. The Company had the objective of consumer loyalty as well as it was and it must be imaginative from various perspectives to accomplish its business extension. Methodologies and Measures Amazon with no uncertainty will keep on improving its business, spread ever its image, extend the client base and internet business skill with the objective of one stop goal to buy any sort of item in North America and around the globe. Barely any business procedures of the Amazon . Mother are recorded underneath Availability and Fulfillment: Even however it is hard to convey the items in inside 24 hours Amazon despite everything had a few items which can be conveyed in a day, and a large portion of different items takes two to 6 business days as per the shop per decision. Amazon utilizes email to tell clients with request status under different conditions. One lick buy: The Company offers its clients with a smoothed out requesting process utilizing this a single tick innovation, which empowers a client to put in a request with only a single tick. Secure Credit Card Payment: The Company uses secure server programming for secure card exchanges by scrambling all the delicate data. Perusing and Searching: The Companys sites permits clients to look through an item effortlessly and discover an item with no trouble. Survey and Content: The Company stores different types of substance just to upgrade the clients shopping encounter and rouse buys. Mechanical Analysis As the Companys primary business is to offer different items and administrations to the clients and with e-retailing in 2002, the anticipated impacts were more towards the expenses of appropriation and changes in shopping inclinations and propensities, than on the capacity to look and buy on the web. The items and administrations Markets, dispersion channel and client conduct Economics of creation, conveyance or overhauling A modern investigation is progressively significant for an association as it is very advantageous for administrators to comprehend the serious powers following up on and youngster the associations in a similar space (Johnson et al. 2006, application). Sediment Analysis Each and every Organization has its own qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers too. Ash investigations have been recorded underneath for Amazon . Com. Qualities Diversification of items and administrations Technology and gifted staff Strategic arranging and its profundity Supply Chain and coordinations the executives Customer driven and its attention on innovative work Weakness Not having a physical area Low benefit based Less income Opportunities Growth of web based shopping in most populated nations like China, India Extension through qua areas Growth in advanced media showcase Social systems administration The rodents Supply Chain Failure because of climate catastrophes Patent encroachment Dependency on merchants Natural or human fiascos.

What are the key similarities and differences between neorealism and Essay

What are the key likenesses and contrasts among neorealism and neoliberalism - Essay Example The discussion inside the length of this paper is to set up the primary contrasts that exist among neorealism and neoliberalism, discover the common presumptions that exist between the two hypotheses and in conclusion pinpoint the issues that have been left unchallenged by both the neorealism and the neoliberalism bases. The pretended by both neorealists and neoliberalists just as the adversaries of similar speculations have likewise been featured during the length of this paper. Therefore in all quintessence, a profound and sharp look has been given to the two hypotheses within reach and each exertion is perhaps made to set up a connection with each other’s attributes and qualities. All in all, a noteworthy establishment has been talked about as for the two speculations and the discovering that has been presented by the separate hypothesis within reach. A hypothesis of worldwide relations †neorealism is additionally known by the name of basic authenticity. It was authored by Kenneth Waltz in the year 1979 in his acclaimed book ‘Theory of International Politics’ where his reason was on the side of having a worldwide structure which could go about as a limiting power on the practices of the state. This was considered critical in light of the fact that the states which included their results inside the normal range could advance and get by in the related middle. In this manner neorealism can without much of a stretch be commented as a comparable framework to the microeconomic model which utilizes associations setting cost and amount conditions on the structure of the market. Neorealism hopes to investigate the old style pragmatist considering belief system E H Carr, Niebuhr and Morgenthau. Neorealism has been presented by the fuse of American political theory areas. It needs a connection with the emphatically connecte d and decidedly slanted sociology. (Gilbert, 1999) On the other hand, neoliberalism incorporates a political development that incorporates inside it the monetary radicalism. What this monetary

Using Abilify for Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

Using Abilify for Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Using Abilify for Treatment of Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Updated on May 04, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Eric Audras / ONOKY / Getty Images Abilify, known by the generic name aripiprazole, is an  atypical antipsychotic medication that is approved to treat a number of disorders, including bipolar disorder. Its specifically used to treat manic episodes in bipolar disorder, either alone or in combination with other anti-manic medications. Lets gain some insight into Abilify, like what health conditions its used to treat, side effects, and two black box warnings. This way you feel informed if prescribed this medication. What Is Abilify Used to Treat? Abilify is FDA approved to treat the following health conditions: Schizophrenia in people age 13 or olderBipolar I disorder in people age 10 years or olderMajor depressive disorder in adultsâ€"used in combination with another antidepressant when a person does not respond to that single antidepressantAgitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar maniaAgitation associated with autism disorder in children ages 6 to 17Tourette Disorder in children and adolescents, age 6 and older Common Side Effects In adults, common side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, akathisia, anxiety, fatigue, blurred vision, and insomnia. Side effects in children are similar, with the addition of nose congestion, drooling, and an increased appetite. Potential Serious Side Effects Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome â€" a potentially fatal complication of taking antipsychotic medications characterized by a number of symptoms like high fever, rigid muscles, and rapid swings in blood pressureIncrease in blood sugarChange in cholesterol levelsWeight GainTardive Dyskinesia  â€" a disorder that causes uncontrolled facial movementsOrthostatic hypotension â€" feeling lightheaded when moving from a ?lying or sitting position to a standing position too quickly, due to a drop in blood pressureA decrease in infection-fighting cells in the bodySeizuresCognitive impairment  Difficulty Swallowing Helpful Tips When Taking Abilify Never stop taking Abilify or change its dosage without first consulting with your healthcare providerBe sure to notify your doctor of all your medications, as your dose of Abilify may need to be changed based on this information.  Do not drink alcohol while you are taking Abilify.Avoid overheating and dehydration while on AbilifyAbilify is a Pregnancy Category C drug, which means that animal studies suggest Abilify may cause birth defects. Speak to your doctor right away if you are planning on getting pregnant or are pregnant.Abilify may also pass into breast milk, so be sure to discuss your therapy plan if breastfeeding or planning on breastfeeding. Two Black Box Warnings on Abilify Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients With Dementia-Related Psychosis  â€" Abilify is not approved by the FDA to treat people with dementia-related psychosis. Treating elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis with an antipsychotic medication puts them at risk of death.Suicidality and Antidepressant Drugs  â€" Antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults in the short-term.

The Science Of Shopping By Malcolm Gladwell - 1736 Words

Situation Malcolm Gladwell is currently a non-fiction writer for The New Yorker. After college, he took a journalism position in Indiana and later took a position in Washington. In 1996, he moved to New York, where he is today. He has written five books and each has been on the New York Times best seller list (Famous Authors). In his first year of working as a journalist for The New Yorker, he wrote, â€Å"The Science of Shopping.† In this piece, Gladwell objectively evaluates Paco Underhill’s research within the business industry. Underhill â€Å"would have from a hundred to five hundred pages and pages of carefully annotated tracking sheets and anywhere from a hundred to five hundred hours of films† for each experiment that he conducts (99). With Underhill’s determination and research, and Gladwell’s journalistic qualities, this report changes the way anyone views shopping. Because businesses were struggling in the late 1990’s, Malcolm dis cusses the issue in a public report to draw the attention of those affected. Gladwell writes in his report, â€Å"But today [speaking of 1996], with the retail business in crisis, it is a gold mine. The time per visit that the average American spends in a shopping mall was sixty-six minutes last year—down from seventy-two minutes in 1992—and is the lowest number ever recorded† (99). In 1990, the average age for readers of The New Yorker was 46 (New Yorker). Not to mention, the average household income of those readers in 1990 was higher than theShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of `` The Science Of Shopping `` By Malcolm Gladwell1658 Words   |  7 Pagesutilizing writing strategies to persuade readers that stores and advertisers manipulate shoppers take place in â€Å"The Science of Shopping† by Malcolm Gladwell and â€Å"Attention, Shoppers: Store Is Tracking Your Cell† by Clifford and Hardy. The author of â€Å"Attention Shoppers† uses the writing strategies of pathos, logos and the structure of the writing better than the author of â€Å"The Science of Shopping† to persuade readers that stores and advertisers are manipulating shoppers. Pathos is a useful strategy thatRead MoreThe Signs Of Shopping By Malcolm Gladwell1203 Words   |  5 Pagesof Shopping† is a heavily published author, and has earned many awards in her field. In her essay, she explains how businesses use advertisement techniques to increase the profits in a retail store. Malcolm Gladwell, the author of â€Å"The Science of Shopping† is a staff writer for the New Yorker. In his essay, he explains how Paco Underhill, a retail expert, taught many Forbes 500 companies how to create more opportunities to up-sale to their customers. Norton shows how malls and other shopping outletsRead MoreA Summary of â€Å"the Science of Shopping†806 Words   |  4 PagesA Summary of â€Å"The Science of Shopping† A famous writer for the New Yorker, Malcolm Gladwell has written an article, â€Å"The Science of Shopping†, which is based on Paco Underhill’s study of retail anthropology. The intention of a retail store is obvious- that is to attract customers and convince them to perchance as much as they can. There is so much knowledge that we can study, such that how the environment affects people’s thinking. These are tiny details that we don’t usually think about. The reasonRead Moreâ€Å"The Science of Shopping† versus The Signs of Shopping- Two Sides of an Issue1802 Words   |  8 Pages2013 â€Å"The Science of Shopping† versus The Signs of Shopping- Two Sides of an Issue Shopping has become a daily activity which happens a billion times in America and around the world. We cannot imagine how our lives would be affected if shopping was suddenly stopped. Malcolm Gladwell and Anne Norton both write articles about two sides of modern day shopping: how consumers have impacted the retail industry and how the industry influences consumers. In the article The Science of Shopping, MalcolmRead MoreThe Signs Of Shopping By Anne Norton1035 Words   |  5 Pages Shopping, a common activity conducted by almost everyone at least once a month, is such a normal subject in our everyday life, one barely puts any thoughts into the potential semiotic explanations behind it. According to the two essays, â€Å"The Signs of Shopping† and â€Å"The Science of Shopping,† Shopping has significant impacts on one’s self-identification. It is a two way straight, the consumers’ shopping styles can also influence the economic status of the retails busi nesses. â€Å"The Signs of Shopping†Read MoreThe Science Of Shopping, By George Orwell1730 Words   |  7 Pagesa world perceived in a state of constant surveillance much like the dystopian setting of George Orwell’s ‘1984’ novel, it is expected to view the practices that Malcolm Gladwell introduced in his article, The Science of Shopping, as frightening. However, the main intentions of these remarkable tactics are greatly misunderstood and Gladwell does an excellent job of clearing up many misconceptions around this topic. For instance, he introduces Paco Underhill, a self-proclaimed urban geographer who isRead MoreThe Science Of Shopping By Gladwells Article1235 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior of some. In support of my argument of the â€Å"Overspending†, author Gladwell’s article â€Å"The Science of Shopping† also argues that stores adjust to fit the needs and wants of the shopper are evidently presented. With that being said, we have n o idea when we are being manipulated into unrealistic shopping behavior that is influenced by the way the advertisement is presented in visual sight. Author Gladwell gets a â€Å"retail anthropologist† and â€Å"urban geographer† named Paco Underhill to give breakdownRead MoreShopping Is A Popular Pastime For Americans1761 Words   |  8 PagesShopping is a popular pastime for Americans; it is a way to relieve stress, bond with friends, and keep up with new trends. Shopping can be a method of therapy for those who need to lift their spirits; however, with low self-control it can become an impulse shopping addiction Impulse shopping is the act of purchasing goods without prior planning as a result of sudden desire. It can be an addiction because hedonic products bought impulsively induce an exciting rush, which turns into a cycle to recreateRead MoreThe Eye On Shoppers Essay898 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits it brings, which are making convenience for customers, impro ving store’s services, and developing the economy. Firstly, making convenience for customers is one of the reasons surveillance of consumers is beneficial. In the twenty-first century, shopping became a common sense for every single one in the world. Stores do not only provide food and drink which help people survive but supply other necessities and hobbies. However, in the modern life, majority people are busy with their job so they rarelyRead MoreLittle Known Ways Of Inspiring Consumption1623 Words   |  7 Pagesfavorite and will continue being, due to the fact, that I’ve tried several different brands but not any one of them compete with Estee Lauder products. In Anne Norton s views, shopping is interpreted as an activity that help us compose our very sense of identity. The approach she applies in the article,â€Å"The Science of Shopping† associates with my product I consume, due to the fact that, Estee Lauder helps me establish a sense of identity. Not only is it a product for the young and one of the few products

John Updike aP Analysis - 1508 Words

Patrick Hanks Aamp;P- In John Updikes Aamp;P, choices and consequences are portrayed as a fundamental and recurring theme throughout the story. Many can understand the idea of repercussions for specific decisions and actions, which makes this story very relatable to most audiences. The story encompasses numerous ideologies paramount to human development and philosophy. Dismantling the story can help depict underlain meanings and asses the ambiguous nature of humanity. The construct of Aamp;P portrays Sammy’s journey through the societal establishment of rules and order, ultimately exposing the chain reaction repercussion of making difficult choices. Though many characters make choices throughout the story, Sammy is obliged to make†¦show more content†¦The interaction between Lengel and Queenie intensifies as she formulates excuses toward Lengel regarding his reprimand â€Å"My mother asked me to pick up a jar of herring snacks† (194). This very moment in the story, Sammy abruptly f ormulates a deeper perception of Queenie, â€Å"All of a sudden, I slid right down her voice into her living room† (193). His dream-state imagery of her life, and the sharp contrast to his own, helps him create a more constructed identity for Queenie. His dreamlike state of comparison with Queenie establishes for Sammy a logic in his rationale for yearning to truly form a deeper relationship with and be recognized by Queenie. The intense interaction between Lengel and Queenie escalates into a small argument, resulting in Queenies embarrassment â€Å"Queenies blush is no sunburn now† (194). Lengel decides to end their interaction by restating policy, and communicating with Sammy that it is time to ring up their purchases. The opportunity for Sammy to act on his feelings has now arrived, the intense conversation, coupled with the numerous external cues regarding Queenie, has bombarded his thought process, and he has aggregated ever clear his intention to draw closer to her, and ultimately derives the motivation for the next two words he speaks, â€Å"I quit† (195). Sammy hopes that these brazen words will capture the attention and kinship of the girls, to form his ever so desired connection, â€Å"hoping they’ll stop and watch me, their unsuspectedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A P By John Updike731 Words   |  3 PagesIn â€Å"AP†, John Updike uses compelling diction, language, and description to enhance the perspective of Sammy within the story and his final decision to quit his job. The use of imagery within the supermarket develops the environment Sammy worked in to a greater extent and painted diverse pictures of the customers. The derogatory descriptions of Lengel and some customers was also significant in terms of revealing Sammy’s emotions about his job at AP. The nature of the situation with the girls andRead MoreA P John Updike Analysis856 Words   |  4 PagesIn John Updike’s â€Å"A P†, he expresses the life of a young boy names Sammy, who works in a small food mart named A P. It’s a coming of age story that deals with puberty taking over the better of Sammy and trying to come out the hero when in reality he comes out looking like a fool. There is also one other detail that cause inner and outer conflicts with Sammy that lead to life lessons and the realization that not everyone is happy where they’re at i n life, but if you work hard enough, anythingRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike1324 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2015 2015 Unavoidable Conflict Sammy is a local cashier in a grocery store called AP who resents the local town and disagrees with the local populous. A strong willed teenager who is more than aware of himself tries to get a firm footing in the town. When this backfires Sammy becomes drastic and hastily makes a decision to try to fix all of the issues. To capture this idea in AP by John Updike, it illustrates the struggles of a young teenage male, where his beliefs are against that ofRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike845 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The sheep pushing against the carts down the aisle - the girls were walking against the traffic - were pretty hilarious† (Updike AP). The title of this story is AP, written by John Updike. The main characters shown in this story are Sammy, The Three Girls, Lengel, and Stokesie. Here’s a brief summary, â€Å"Three girls walk into AP wearing bikinis. Sammy’s constantly looks at â€Å"Queenie†, the group leader. Stokesie joins in as Sammy watches the girls go aisle after aisle. As the girls reach to theRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike1560 Words   |  7 PagesJalen Johnson Ms. Mahaffey Eng 102 10/15/17 Feminism in AP In the story â€Å"AP† by John Updike he tries to portray the conventional lifestyle and tendency of his community. The story â€Å"AP† proves how feminism was a large part of the conservative lifestyle and is still present today. AP helps you visualize how sexism could be happening right under our noses. The story is told through the main character Sammy, who is an ordinary teenager in the small town. Sammy makes a courageous effort to fight feminismRead MoreAnalysis of AP by John Updike533 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"AP† (supermarket) is a short story written by the hardworking and highly productive John Updike and narrated in first person by a 19-year-old protagonist and cashier named Sammy. It was published in 1961 and is about Sammy’s change of character and coming of age. Updike uses the various shifts in tone, great attention to detail, and a great deal of symbolism to portray the significant change. The opening sentence â€Å" In walks three girls in nothing but bathing suits† (par.1) sets up the colloquialRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike895 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In walks these three girls in nothing but bathing suits† (Updike 1). With the previous quote, would one believe that the storyline is set in a grocery store? In John Updike’s â€Å"AP,† Sammy is the main character. The entire narrative happens through his eyes. Having three out of the ordinary girls walk into the A P mystified Sammy as well as the other men in the store. The tale follows the girls around while they shop and until they leave. It carefully describes what aisles the girls pass throughRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P 1804 Words   |  8 Pagesit’s seemingly infallibility. Most young people feel invincible, but really it is their naivety and inability to understand the harsh concept of reality that enables this behavior. While a common theme in l iterature, John Updike gives the tale of youth a consumerist spin in â€Å"AP†. Updike tells the story of Sammy the cashier, who see’s himself as superior to those around him and believes he will turn out nothing like the adults he’s surrounded with. He seems to get his chance to be great when some beautifulRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P1293 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Updike is viewed by his readers as a progressive voice in his work that promotes feminist issues. He makes these issues stand out more evidently, rather than hidden, in order for the reader to realize how women are viewed in society. From reading Updike’s AP, the story sends the message to readers of genders working together to strive for equality. If readers do not carefully and actively read AP they may miss key messages about the power men hold over women, not just in society but in literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P2577 Words   |  11 Pagescome together and dec lare allegiance to a similar core of beliefs. And, when they do, they ask a particular set of question about a literary work. Each different way of analyzing a literary work elicits a different set of questions. AP, a short story by John Updike, would best be analyzed by using the school of New Criticism and analyzing the journey Sammy, the narrator, experiences throughout the story. The school of New Criticism believes that the work’s overall meaning depends solely on the text

Parole and Truth in Sentencing Paper Free Essays

Parole and Truth-in-Sentencing Paper xxxxx xxxxxxx CJS/200 November 19, 2011 xxxxxx Parole and Truth-in-Sentencing Paper Before parole becomes an option to an offender or an offender remains on parole, there are conditions and concepts and goals that must be practiced or met. Typical conditions influence parole as the inmate is released from prison. Truth-in-sentencing laws have goals in relations to parole. We will write a custom essay sample on Parole and Truth in Sentencing Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now To understand the concepts on which parole is based, one must know and understand the definition of parole. Parole, the early release of an inmate from correctional confinement under supervision, is a sentencing strategy that returns offenders progressively to productive lives (Schmalleger, 2011). According to Schmalleger (2011), â€Å"By making early release possible, parole can also act as a stimulus for positive behavioral change. † Parole is based off and supports the concept of imprecise sentencing, which held that an inmate can gain early discharge through good conduct and self-improvement (Schmalleger, 2011). The conditions of parole place general and special limitations on offenders who have been released from prison early (Schmalleger, 2011). The offender’s criminal background as well as the circumstances of the offense is taken into consideration when referring to special conditions, while general conditions are fixed by state statutes (Schmalleger, 2011). Under the conditions of parole, a parolee must periodically check in, or report, to parole officers, and parole officers may visit the parolees home or place of employment unannounced (Schmalleger, 2011). While an offender is on parole, he or she must obtain employment within 30 days and continue work as it has shown to reduce the probability of repeated offenses (Schmalleger, 2011). In accordance to Schmalleger (2011), â€Å"General conditions of parole usually include agreement not to leave the state as well to obey extradition requests from other jurisdiction. † Truth in sentencing, a close connection linking the sentence imposed on an offender, and the amount of time served in prison, benefited offenders while infuriated victims (Schmalleger, 2011). What you get is what you serve† became the emphasis on truth in sentencing and has become an important policy focus of many state legislatures and the United States Congress (Schmalleger, 2011). The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement set aside funds that adopt the truth-in-sentencing laws assure that certain violent offenders will serve at least 85 percent of their prison sentence (Schmalleger, 2011). The concept of parole allows an offender to be released from confinement before the end of their sentence under certain circumstances. Conditions must be followed and maintained to ensure the offender stays on parole. The goals of truth in sentencing are based on violent criminals completing 85 percent of their time to honor the victim. References Schmalleger, F. (2011). Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the twenty-first century (11th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson Prentice Hall. How to cite Parole and Truth in Sentencing Paper, Papers

Electric Cars Essay Research Paper The Constitution free essay sample

Electric Cars Essay, Research Paper The Constitution of the United States of America contains the basic rights of citizens of this state. There is, possibly, no right more controversial than the First Amendment in the Constitution, foremost introduced on December 15, 1791. The First Amendment provinces, ? Congress shall do no jurisprudence esteeming an constitution of faith, or forbiding the free exercising thereof ; or foreshortening the freedom of address, or of the imperativeness ; or the right of the people pacifically to piece, and to petition the authorities for a damages of grudges? ( 1st Amendment, Internet ) . Due to the indecision of this Amendment, statements over the reading of the words written by the establishing male parents have flourished for old ages. One of the chief statements that has arisen over the old ages is over the reading of what is meant by free address and free imperativeness. While this statement has stemmed off in many waies, one of the most recent and het arguments is over the authoritiess ability to ban stuff to the populace. We will write a custom essay sample on Electric Cars Essay Research Paper The Constitution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of the major signifiers of censoring occur in telecasting, music, literature, and most late, the Internet. Censoring has taken topographic point in assorted signifiers since the earliest swayers existed. These earliest signifiers of censoring existed through a leader of some kind seeking to maintain his people from stating bad things about him. This censoring, while reasonably undocumented, has taken topographic point in assorted authoritiess throughout clip in most countries of the universe. While censoring today has taken a different signifier in the United States, the same basic rules hold remained the same. Censoring is fundamentally an effort by the authorities to restrict what the public sees, hears, or absorbs. I believe that all signifiers of censoring are fundamentally a misdemeanor of the basic First Amendment right that so many people take for granted. Some bound must be put on the ability of the authorities to ban any sort of communicating in the United States, or the basic rights of the people will be infringed upon. One of the biggest signifiers of censoring that takes topographic point in the United States today exists in one of the largest mediums of communicating we know of. This medium is known as the telecasting. In 1999, it was reported that over 99 % of all American families have at least one telecasting, with a bulk of the families holding more so one set available ( Chafee, 173 ) . This startling statistic is accompanied by another fact that shows the mean American tickers 30 hours of telecasting weekly ( Chafee, 173 ) . With this sort of engagement from the American populace in any sort of medium of communicating, it is no admiration why some people consider the thought of censoring with so much enthusiasm. However, grownups have the right to see stuff they please, and hence, their rights should stay integral. The job that most people have with force, sex, and profanity on telecasting comes into drama when sing the figure of kids that watch telecasting without a parent or any kind of controls on their screening. It has been reported that 10,000 Acts of the Apostless of media force are witnessed in one twelvemonth by the mean American kid ( Zeinert, 88 ) . One must maintain in head that this statistic does non include any sexual content or profanity kids may see. The American populace has expressed some concern over the material their kids view each twenty-four hours, and that has been the beginning and the continued push behind the demand for some kind of censoring of telecasting. It wasn? T until the dramatic addition in violent offenses committed by kids, nevertheless, that there was a strong public demand to ban the stuff kids have entree excessively. While the claim that something demands to be done to at least cut down the sum of force, sexual stuff, or profanity that American kids position has began to pick up support among the American populace, the agencies by which to carry through such a undertaking have yet to be resolved. Some argue that censoring is the lone manner to carry through such a big graduated table job, but others argue that the job starts at place. A study conducted by the Roper Center concluded that over 50 % of parents do non supervise what their kids ticker at place. This figure shows me that parents are non taking the duty to watch their kids, and alternatively are merely trusting on telecasting to demo plans intended for younger viewing audiences. With the aid of some electronic blocking devices, such as the V-chip, parents can supervise what their kids are able to watch, without acquiring the authorities involved. The V-chip can assist parents watch their kids even when they? rhenium non place. This new precaution is the best alternate to censorship. Since many plans are get downing to incorporate a evaluation system displayed at the beginning of each show, parents can acquire a basic thought of the content of the show without holding to sit through each plan their kid wants to watch. Alternatively of censoring of the whole community, it would simply become an issue of parents covering with their kids ( Zeinert, 89 ) . I believe this issue is much less controversial and should assist alleviate the push for censoring in America. So why do we need censoring of telecasting when the parents, assisted by engineering, can supervise what their kids watch while still being able to watch plans they would wish to see themselves? The simple reply is, we don? T. A 2nd country in which censoring has started to interfere with is music. Music was originally censored much the manner free address was. In the 1700? s, New York? s Governor Crosby attempted to maintain a group of citizens from singing vocals that went against the King of England ( Chafee, 182 ) . More late, nevertheless, censoring of music has taken topographic point due to explicit wordss. Similar to the concern of force, sex, and profanity being shown to kids on telecasting, the concern of kids listening to explicit wordss in music has caused concern. The first existent instance of this happening occurred when a blame group known as? 2 Live Crew? was banned from countries of Florida because of their vocals wordss ( Zeinert, 82 ) . ? 2 Live Crew? was arrested for public lewdness, but they won their instance in the appellate tribunals based on the thought that it was illegal to censor amusement groups from executing or selling their act ( Zeinert, 83 ) . In 1985, the Parents Music Resource Center was the first company to set spines on compact phonograph record and cassettes giving a warning of? Explicit Lyrics, ? and giving? Parental Advisory? ( Chafee, 195 ) . I feel this is the first measure in the right way. Alternatively of seeking to ban music wordss, the Parents Music Resource Center is seeking to inform parents what their kids are listening to. They leave the determination of what kids can listen to up to the parents, alternatively of seeking to ban the full state. Again, censoring seems unnecessar Y, and an violation upon the rights of citizens of the United States of America. A 3rd country in which censoring has taken topographic point is in literature. Censoring in literature has increased dramatically in recent old ages. In fact, from 1991 to 1994, there has been more than a 50 % addition in the figure of demands that books be banned in schools libraries every bit good as public libraries ( Zeinert, 109 ) . Some of the books being demanded to be removed from libraries countrywide include, Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, Everlastingly, by Judy Blume, and The Bridge to Terabithia, written by Katherine Paterson. These American classics have been removed from shelves due to assorted grounds. Mark Couple? s novel, for illustration, has been attacked for its usage of the term? nigga? , every bit good as its portraiture of African American slaves. ? The province office of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People issued a statement, Feb. 3, 1998, claiming that Mark Twain # 8217 ; s authoritative, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is violative to black pupils and should be banned from schoolrooms across the province? ( Meyer, Internet ) . This sort of censoring, whether it be from public or school libraries, non merely denies the writer freedom look, but denies the reader the ability to judge for themselves the contents of a book. Many kids learn about racism, sex, maltreatment, or drugs through books that some libraries have banned. Without these books, some kids will non come to decisions about these topics until they are encountered in the existent universe, and some of import lessons such as swearing yourself, cognizing what you believe in, and holding tolerance will non be learned until the kids are grownups ( Chafee, 199 ) . It is non right to deny people of import lessons in life by denying them the right to take which stuffs they read, merely because some might happen it violative. Once once more, evaluation can be placed on books that give parents the thought of what they are reading before even opening the book, and so censoring is non needed, but merely information. The concluding, and likely most controversial, issue on the subject of censoring concerns the Internet. In the past 10 old ages, the Internet has become one of the hottest countries of argument covering with censoring. Once once more, the bulk of concern comes in with the states young person. The Internet, a tool by which great sums of information can be found, besides holds profanity, force, and particularly sexual stuff. With over 60 % of American families having a personal computing machine, and over 90 % of kids in the United States holding entree to the Internet in some manner, there needs to be a manner to precaution these kids from harmful stuff ( Meyer, Internet ) . Once once more, censoring is non the manner. It is unconstitutional to ban, prohibition, or command any Internet sites incorporating sexually expressed stuff ( Meyer, Internet ) . However, due to the fact that a big per centum of the state? s young person has entree to the Internet, it is non unreasonable to anticipate some kind of control on sexually expressed stuff. After all, it is illegal for a minor to buy erotica. In the same manner, kids should non be allowed to see sexually expressed stuff on the Internet. By the same logical thinking, sexually expressed stuff can non be banned from the Internet, because grownups have the right to buy, and hence position this stuff. Alternatively, Internet sites have been forced to at least advertise that their site contains sexually explicit stuff, and that you must be at least of legal age to come in ( Meyer, Internet ) . This is non adequate protection for the young person. New engineering, such as the E-chip, much like what can be used to assist parents restrict what their kids can watch on telecasting is now available for the Internet. This engineering allows parents to command the type of stuff their kids can see on the Internet without baning stuff for all people. So one time once more, the parents are in control of the procedure of censorship, and non the authorities. This leaves the legal issues of the First Amendment and the freedom to speech out of the image while still assisting restrict what kids see. In 1997, President Clinton has voiced his support of such stuff and parent engagement, as good as stricter enforcement of Torahs prosecuting those Internet users who deliberately interruption erotica Torahs ( Meyer, Internet ) . Clinton has besides pushed popular Internet suppliers such as Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator to supply free plans with their merchandises to let parents to command what their kids can entree ( Meyer, Internet ) . Once once more, this stairss back from censoring and go againsting the rights of American citizens, and stairss towards giving parents the tools they need to protect their kids. Peoples should be able to show thoughts in any type of medium without authorities ordinances. All the countries that presently concern censoring have created a batch of contention in the United States tribunals. Due to the nature of the Constitution, these contentions may neer be to the full solved. However, it is clear that censoring is non the best reply to many of the issues it straight deals with. Alternatively, giving the ability for parents to command what their kids have entree to in mundane life is a much better option. Not merely does this method chorus from conflicting on the rights of citizens, but it besides allows parents to separately take what they see fit for their kids. The authorities demands to go on to back up such thoughts as the V-chip and E-chip, that give parents control. Not merely will it assist maintain the authorities out of household personal businesss, but it will halt them from holding to do Torahs that may cut down peoples rights and cause further jobs. ? 1st Amendment. ? 1999. Internet. Accessed on 04/10/99 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hinton.k12.ia.us/hinton/Rusk/1STAMDT.htm/ Abrams, Floyd. ? Clinton vs. the First Amendment. ? The New York Times Magazine. 30 March 1997: 42. Chafee, Zachariah Jr. ? Free Speech in the United States? . Versions of Censorship. Ed. John McCormick and Mairi MacInnes. Chicago: Aldine, 1962. 172-200. ? Constitutional Law. ? 1999. Internet. Accessed on 04/20/99 at hypertext transfer protocol: //members.iex.net/~jriley/ps401.htm. Gelfand, Ravinia. The Freedom of Speech in America. Learner Publications Company. Gopher state: 1967. Hogeboom, William H. ? Censorship V. Censure-ship. ? Billboard. 27March 1993:6. Mayor, Federico. Unfettered Freedom. Unesco-Courier, may 1995, p.38. InfoTrac SuperTom full text, November 1998. ? Prayer and Religious Instruction in Schools. ? 1999. Internet. Accessed on 04/23/99 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.witchvox.com/white/wscourt_schools.html. ? Supreme Court Cases. ? 1999. Internet. Accessed on 04/23/99 at hypertext transfer protocol: //laws.findlaw.com/US/ . Zeinert, Karen. ? Free Address? . New Jersey: Enslow

Ozone Essays - Gases, Greenhouse Gases, Ultraviolet Radiation

Ozone Ozone derives from the greek word ozein which means to smell. It was first discovered in 1839 by Christian Friedrick Schonbein who noticed it because of its distinctive acrid smell. He discovered this at the University of Basel in Switzerland. Ozone is merely oxygen, but not the type we breath. Ozone, O3 has three compounds while oxygen has only two. Ozone is reac- tive, meaning it does not stay still, and wants to go back to its original state, with two compounds, O2. This is why ozone is harmful. Ozone always wants to let go of its third compound, and if this compound reacts with other substances, it could be damaging, especially to humans. When discussing with the ozone layer, one should know the four major atmosphere levels on earth. The troposphere which is between zero and fifteen kilometers in altitude and has tempera- ture ranges from two hundred to two hundred ninety kelvins. The second is the stratosphere which ranges from fifteen to approxi- mately fifty kilometers in altitude and has temperature ranges from two hundred to two hundred fifty kelvins. The third level in the atmosphere is mesosphere. This level ranges from fifty to eighty-five kilometers in altitude and has temperature ranges between one hundred eighty and two hundred fifty kelvins. Finally, the thermosphere is the final level in the atmosphere. It's range is eighty-five to one hundred forty kilometers and also temperatures as high as four hundred sixty kelvins. Society has been widely addressed with the many problems that we are having in our environment today. A major problem is that of CFCs. CFC stands for Chlorofluorocarbons which are found in many of the aerosol spray cans. In December of 1973, Rowland and Molina discovered that CFCs can destroy the ozone in the stratosphere. In June 1975, the Natural Resources Defence Council (NRDC) sued the Consumers Product Safety Commission for a band of CFCs used in aerosol spray cans. United States's fifth largest manufacturers of aerosol sprays announced that they will reduce the amount of CFCs used in there products. But as things started to get better, The Consumer Product Safety Commission rejected NRDC's law suit in July stating that there was insufficient evidence towards the amount of harm the CFCs were doing to the ozone layer. On September 1976, a report was released which re-enforced Rowland and Molina's hypothesis, but also stated that the govern- ment action on CFC regulations should be postponed. This report also stated that the CFCs can initiate climatic changes and contribute to the warming of the earth's atmosphere, i.e., the greenhouse effect. May 1977, several government agencies announced joint plans to limit, but not eliminate uses of CFCs in aerosol spray cans. But on February of the following year, the government decided to postpone the regulations on CFCs used in refrigeration, air conditioning, solvents, and other industrial processes. With all the new regulations taking affect and being postponed, nothing was getting accomplished, but finally, on October 1978, aerosols where banned in the United States. August of 1981, satellite pictures showed that over one percent of the ozone was lost due to CFCs. Then, in October of 1984, research groups found a forty percent loss of ozone over Antarctica. In August of 1985, satellite photos confirmed the existence of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Even though many were trying to reduce the amount of CFCs in their products, there were still some out there who wanted to make the fast buck. February 1988, three US senators asked Du Pont to stop making CFCs but the chairman denied the requested. Three weeks later, the chairman agrees to ease manufacturing of chemicals, but only when substitutes were available. Eight in a million of the widely scattered molecules are ozone in our atmosphere--this is what is responsible for the rising of temperature. Ozone takes in ultra-violet rays when they come from the sun and converts the radiation to heat and chemical energy. The ozone layer also seals earth from the many of the other powerful radiation rays that the sun gives off. Splitting of oxygen molecules depends upon the intense radiation, therefore, the greatest ozone production is over the tropics. The ozone is dangerous to us because is causes many types of skin cancer such as malignant melanoma--a very deadly cancer which causes death to forty percent of all recorded cases of cancer. Many people predict that the ozone layer would cause thirty thousand skin cancers just in the United States alone, and over five hundred-thousand world wide. Cancer, though, is only one of

For capitol punishment blue collar comedy tour movie clip is used for this essay

For capitol punishment blue collar comedy tour movie clip is used for this essay The Need for Capital Punishmentblue collar comedy tour clip chapter 3 13:25-14:14Imagine yourself in a room, 12 feet long by 6 feet wide. You're sittingon a metal bed bolted to the floor with a thin foam cushion. The only otherthings in the room are a table and a chair, a sink and a toilet. There is nowindow, only a small faint light on the ceiling. You spend all of your time inthis room, you have no choice. This is your dining room, your den, your bedroomand your bathroom. You are allowed to read and write letters in this room. Youcannot entertain guests in this room, you must go somewhere else for that, in aroom with a mesh screen for you to sit behind, where you are constantly watchedover. Even though this is your bathroom, it has no shower stall or bathtub, butonce a week you are allowed to leave this room to take a shower.Capital PunishmentYour days arespent inside this room reading, thinking and worrying. You aren't in anyordinary room, you're in a cell on death row. A cell res erved for people whowere sentenced to death for committing a crime. Death could be by firing squad,lethal injection, the gas chamber or electric chair. Chances are you've been inthis room for many years and will be for many more. Your lawyers have began thelengthily appeal process. Once all the appeals have failed, it soon is time,and you will be moved to a holding cell. There you will be offered your finalmean, of your choice. Your last visitors arrive, first your lawyer, your familymembers and at last a priest who prays with you. You take your final glancearound the room, as...

Fly Fishing - Method, Materials and Equipment Research Paper

Fly Fishing - Method, Materials and Equipment - Research Paper Example Fly Fishing Method - In fly fishing the pole used for fishing is much longer (about one and a half to two times longer) than the traditional one, The bait is fixed at the end of the pole in a flying to give an impression of a flying insect, which is later submerged in water cautiously to least disturb the swimming fishes. It is more natural in comparison to other methods used for fishing because of the tactic used, which needs profound practice before achievement. (GFF) Spin Casting for fishing; Spin casting is the other popular method of fishing that utilizes a spin casting reel at the top of the rod that is essentially the same as that of the spin rod. The equipment is operated with a thumb device. (OCES) The basic of the two tactics of fishing are contrary to each other. Hitherto, fly fishing can be stated better than spin casting based on the grounds that one can catch more trout and steelhead fly fishing than any other way. The other feature of fly fishing that gives it an edge on the other tactic includes the following. Precisely, the natural aspect of the tactics is enhanced due to use of ’lure’ for fish that is weightless and look like natural habitat food of fish. In addition, the methods of fly casting are also based on the ground features of the actual behavior of these food organisms that attract the fishes without leaving a sign of suspicion. Hence, fishes catch the bait as a bug out of the hatch that fish are feeding on at that time. A brief illustration of fly fishing will further assist the reader to get a clear picture view of the method. Materials and equipment need to fly fishing; the efficacy of the use of this method of fishing relies on the accuracy and proficiency of the right material at the right time for the right purpose. The basic materials and equipment used in fly fishing are illustrated below; Fly rod – and reel; the â€Å"lure† for fish is cast on fly rod and reel. These are the two essential pieces of equipment necessary for fishing.   The types, designs and functions vary as per the requirement of various fishing methods.

Cellular Network and Smartphone Application Security Research Paper

Cellular Network and Smartphone Application Security - Research Paper Example Numerous applications present in smart phones have raised new security questions. Security is a prime requirement for users today and therefore users should be knowledgeable about their vulnerability to attacks. Types of Cellular Networks 2G Stands for second generation wireless telephone technology it’s known as Personal Communications Service, or PCS, in the United States. 2G technologies can be broadly divided into  TDMA-based, FDMA-based and  CDMA-based standards. Compared to previous 1G networks that were analogue, 2G offered digital encryption and started the data service for cell phones including text messages. Digital signals allowed effective data compression and multiplexing while reducing the emission of radio power. Enhanced security decreased the incidences of frauds. 2G is also a cell phone network protocol .Their features included voice mail, caller ID, Conference calling and simple web applications like web browsing and email. Some modifications in 2G led t o the evolution of 2.5G and 2.75G that account for the transition to 3G. 2.5G has a circuit switch domain and included MMS technology along with GPRS. 2.75G technology enables improved data transmission rates by virtue of being an extension on top of standard GSM hence performed better than its predecessors 2G and 2.5G. 3G Third generation succeeded the GSM standards. It provided great speed to browse through WebPages, play 3D games, download or stream full motion music videos. Verizon Wireless was the first to introduce 3G services in 2005.3G was accompanied by increase bandwidth, and greater support for diverse applications by the inclusion of packet-switched data with spectral efficiency at greater speeds. There are two 3G families 3GPP and 3GPP2. 3GPP was formed to foster deployment of 3G networks that came from GSM. Deployment GPRS and EDGE began in 2000 and 2003 respectively. These technologies are defined by IMT-2000.IMT2000 stands for International mobile telecommunications while 2000 means it was launched in 2000 had data rates of 2000 Kbp and frequency range of 2000 MHz. 3GPP2 was introduced to help operators using CDMA2000 to move to 3G. 3.5G was introduced with cable speeds and its added features include faster browsing of graphic intensive site and on demand videos.    4G Fourth generation refers to fourth-generation wireless that overtakes the 3G technology. What really constitutes 4G is not yet defined but 4G networks are distinguished by their use of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) rather than (TDMA) or (CDMA) even though carriers are divided on whether to use (LTE) or WiMAX. ITU standards claim that 4G network should allow exchange of data at 100 Mbit/sec whereas 3G’s speeds can be as low as 3.84 Mbit/sec. As expected 4G is faster than all previous generations. Technologies that enhance coverage like Femtocell  and  Picocell  are being developed to support 4G technology. LTE (Long-term-evolution) –It use s additional spectrum and multiplexing enhancing speeds which are10 times faster than 3G.The lag time has also reduced delay increasing the responsiveness of buffering. It is known for its high quality Voice-over-IP (VoIP).It is believed that songs can be downloaded within 4 seconds and photos uploaded in 6 seconds. Most of the smart phones support 4G LTE and it is available in more than 175 cities. WiFi WiFi provides wireless connectivity. It uses 802.11 radio technologies providing a fast and secure

Autopsy Examination and Tracking Gun Ownership

Autopsy Examination and Tracking Gun Ownership A. Introduction â€Å"The Long Goodbye† is a film in 1973, which was critically acclaimed as a story of humans’ morality in a self-obsessed society. Not being a scientific film, it however comprises few murder scenes and forensic investigation, which provide us with very good examples to study and perform analysis with our knowledge. B. Synopsis The story consists of two concurrent story threads, which first appear to be unrelated, but generally become connected by the stories end. It began with a night when private investigator Philip Marlowe (the main character) was visited by his close friend, Terry Lennox, who asked for a drive to Mexico border at Tijuana. Philip was convinced that Terry was in a fight with his wife, Sylvia, and agreed to help. However, he later discovered that Lennox was wanted by police and being accused of murder of his wife. Having refused to co-operate and provide any information, Marlowe was arrested as an accomplice. However, three days later, he was released after it was found that Lennox had committed suicide. The case was closed with Lennox’s death. The story continued with another story thread which Eileen Wade hired Marlowe to find her missing husband. Her husband, Roger Wade, was an author with drinking problems. He had disappeared on previous occasions, usually to rehab institutions, but not this time. Marlowe took the case and surprisingly discovered the relationship between the Wade couple and Lennox couple throughout the search. The suspicious connection and clues motivated Marlowe to find out the truth behind the death of Lennox couple. He started to conduct a thorough investigation. To obtain more information and prove Lennox’s innocence, Marlowe encountered a doctor, a gangster boss and a guard. He followed the leads, but more and more signs of suspicion were disclosed. Integrating pieces and pieces of puzzles, he finally discovered that Lennox had faked his death to cover his murder and possession of dirty money. Being used and betrayed by his best friend, Marlowe shot Lennox by himself at the end of the story. C. Evidence Gathered With Lennox’s death, evidences were collected for examination and documentation by the police force. Black and white photographs of crime scene were taken to record essential information or clues, condition and position of the dead body, possible weapons and other physical evidences were recorded. Photographs of the dead body in a bathtub (Screenshot from â€Å"The Long Goodbye†) Fingerprints were also collected in the crime scene of Lennox’s death for further identification and comparison. They contain individual characteristics, the identity of the dead body and those who had access to the crime scene can be distinguished and known. Multiple fingerprints collected in the crime scene (Screenshot from â€Å"The Long Goodbye†) Meanwhile, the gun used in the Lennox’s suicidal death was claimed to be retrieved. It was found to be registered under Lennox’s name which proved a possible suicide. Further examinations can be conducted to determine whether the weapon was connected to the death of Lennox. The physical evidences were further sent to examine with different techniques. D. Techniques Moving on to the techniques, autopsy examination and gun tracing were employed to investigate Terry Lennox’s suicidal ‘death’. Results concluded that Terry’s death was instantaneous by a gunshot triggered by a gun registered under his name. Should the investigation be free from bribery and bureaucracy, a forged harmless gun wound should not fool the coroner. Subsequent specimen analysis should reveal a high degree of intoxication through Terry’s injection of drugs to fake his death. A toxicology examination should thereby be carried out to determine the kind and type of drug that caused his ‘death’. 1. Autopsy Examination An autopsy is a medical examination carried out on both external and internal surfaces of a dead body, to determine the cause of death and what caused the death. It is performed when someone dies suddenly and unexpectedly while in apparently good health. Thus, Terry’s instantaneous and suspicious death would surely be subjected to further autopsy investigation by a coroner. After proving the gun wound fake, Terry’s high degree of intoxication should deem suspicious enough for a toxicological analysis by a pathologist to confirm his cause of death. External examination Fingerprinting is carried out before any autopsy analysis of the dead body, for identification and the matching of the fingerprints found on weapons and other physical evidence. The method adopted in this process depends primarily on the condition of the dead body. If the body is in poor condition, like Terry’s body which has been soaked in water, fingerprints have to be recovered through first ‘degloving’ and removing the finger skin, placing them on the fingertip of one operator. Powdering will then be applied to the prints to enable their transpose onto paper for record and future comparison. After fingerprinting the body, the coroner will carry out systematic external examination of the body in terms of these few aspects. (i)Stature determination (height, gender etc.); (ii)Description of recent or old traumatic elements and congenital abnormalities; (iii)Phenotypic characteristics (hair color, axillar description etc.) The gunshot wound found on Terry’s body will therefore lie in the second category as a recent wound that directly contributed his death. However, had the coroner be free from bribery, he should be able to distinguish it as a harmless forged wound. This abnormality should create enough suspicion for internal examination to determine his real cause of death. Internal examination To reveal Terry’s high degree of intoxication, pathologists are responsible for collecting a variety of biological specimen necessary for toxicology tests. Conventional biological specimen includes blood, vitreous humour, urine, stomach and liver contents, which will be sent to toxicology laboratories for separation, identification and quantification. Lethality and toxicity in the concentration of drug molecules will thus serve as a determinant of one’s cause of death. 2. Gun ownership registration Gun ownership tracing has also been used to determine the ownership of the gun, which is suspected to be the weapon that directly caused Terry’s ‘death’. By tracing the serial number and registration record, the police officers confirmed that the gun is registered under Terry’s name in the counter of Los Angeles, thus, rendering Terry’s case as suicidal death. E. Addressing Toxicology in Autopsy in detail a) Specimen Collection (Postmortem Specimen some of them will be discussed below) According to The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (TIAFT), a forensic toxicology organization founded in London in 1963, there are some recommendations on sample collection, which are listed below: i) Blood – According to the â€Å"Laboratory Guideline† provided by the Society of Forensic Toxicologists (2006), it mentions, â€Å"in majority of the postmortem cases, blood is always the most crucial and single specimen for the toxicology analysis†. However, it also suggests that experts should collect at least 2 blood specimens if it is possible in each case. Flanagan, Connally and Evans (2005) suggests the method and procedures for blood collection that firstlyâ€Å" 30 ml of central blood (from the right atrium of the heart, inferior vena cava, or another large vessel) should be collected for qualitative analysis and secondly â€Å"10 ml peripheral blood from the left and right femoral veins should be collected by direct vascular access.† ii) Urine – Levine (2006) mentions that most of the drugs and metabolites will still remain in a relatively higher concentration and for a longer period in urine than in blood. Therefore, it is important to collect all the urine available from the specimen for analysis. iii) Vitreous Humor – According to TIAFT, vitreous humor is a biological fluid that can be collected from the lens of the eye. Drummer (2002) mentions that it has a desirable characteristic of being so stable that can be more resistant to any putrefactive changes than other specimens. Therefore, for a better analysis, if possible, it is suggested that all vitreous fluid should be collected from each eye (Levine, 2006). Apart from the above specimens, others specimens including gastric contents, bile, cerebrospinal fluid, tissues (liver, lung) are also needed to collected for further testing. Limitations: Time is a major problem. It is important that all the specimens are collected as fast as possible being put in separate containers for accurate analysis. For most specimens, Skopp (2004) suggests disposable hard plastic or glass tubes should be used for the storage of specimens. Also, Flanagan, Connally and Evans (2005) suggest that samples should be stored at a maximum of 4 ºC when being analyzed after autopsy, if not, they should be stored at -20 ºC. b) Analytical Process According to Fitzgerald, Rivera and Herold (2010), most of the drugs molecules cannot be distinguished directly through the post-mortem specimens, thus they have to be separated from the biological matrix before they undergo the toxicology analysis. For the separation, there are few steps. Firstly, the specimens need to undergo heating at 60 80 degrees in a sealed container. Secondly, it is the protein precipitation that we need to concentrate the proteins and purify them from various contaminants. Then, it is the liquid-liquid extraction. Sapkale, Patil, Surwase and Bhatbhage (2010) mention that this process is used to â€Å"separate compounds based on their relative solubility in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent†. After that, the analysts can be identified and quantified by techniques, such as spectrophotometry, chromatography and immunoassay. 1) Spectrophotometry According to Watson (2008), she states that color tests can able to test an unknown drug with a chemical or mixture of chemicals. Therefore, the change of the colour of the test substance can help find out the type of the drug it belongs to (See Table 1). Drugs like Heroin, Morphine, Cocaine, Barbiturates and Marijuana can be screened by the color test. Other drug tests include ultraviolet spectrophotometry is used to identify other drug classes. Wilkinson, Dale, Wayne and Martin (2002) mention that ultraviolent spectrophotometry can analyzes â€Å"how the substance reacts to ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light.† The spectrophotometry machine will emit UV and IR rays, and then it will measure how the sample reflects or absorbs these rays so as to identify what type of substance is present in it (Watson, 2008). (Table 1: Source from Westchester Department of Laboratories and Research) 2) Chromatography According to Pervez (2001), this technique is widely used because â€Å"it can distinguish the presence of a certain chemical in a highly complex mixture.† There are 2 types of chromatography, including Gas Chromatography (GC) and Liquid Chromatography (LC). GC is usually used to identify volatile toxicants and those that contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and halogen-carrying molecules. Comparing with spectrophotometry, Pervez (2001) also mentions that GC is a highly sensitive toxicology test, which is good at identifying the drug molecule. For liquid chromatography (LC), it is used to identify non-volatile and/or thermally labile toxicants. 3) Immunoassay According to ImmunoChemisty Technologies, LLC, immunoassays are â€Å"quick and accurate tests that can be used onsite and in the laboratory to detect specific molecules†. It also mentions that it is dependent on the inherent ability of an antibody to â€Å"bind to the specific structure of a molecule† so as to detect the presence of drugs in the specimen. Analysts in biological liquids like serum or urine are frequently measured using this method for medical and research purposes. F. Mismatch In the film, Lennox fakes his death by drug injection and bribing the policeman (who acts as the coroner too), who, interesting, simply takes photos of the dead body and announces his death of intoxication, without any surgical procedure to determine and evaluate the cause and manner of the Lennox’s â€Å"death†. But it is quite a mismatch in reality since: 1) bribing not only one policeman, but all the police, coroners and other all officers to fake one’s death sounds unreasonable and impossible. Moreover, according to Laws of Hong Kong, medicate practitioner shall provide certificate where cause of death of certain deceased should be clearly stated with proof. 2) Forensic toxicology for autopsy was widely used (even already available in 1970s). That means in the film, coroners should carry out drug test to further obtain and interpret the cause of death. As for tracking gun ownership, according to Laws of Hong Kong, no person shall possess any firearms or ammunition unless one holds a license for possession of such items. So we should look into the situation in other countries, for example, the U.S. where the murder case happens in the film. While the Gun laws nowadays in the United States are dependent on different states, they require owners including sellers and buyers to have specific license to possess firearms. In crime science investigation, these license for sure are used to trace the registration and ownership of guns. Instead of saying it as a ‘mismatch’, it, as similar to the ways in the movie, is still a very useful way in nowadays to solve crimes. G. Conclusion By investigating this film, we have examined the use of autopsy examination and tracking gun ownership, which are used in the movie. We address forensic toxicology in autopsy like Spectrophotometry, Chromatography and Immunoassay in detail. Finally we come to a conclusion that faked death is almost impossible to happen nowadays in reality, but tracking gun ownership is still made possible and useful nowadays. Bibliography Beauthier, J.-P., LefeÃÅ'â‚ ¬vre, P., De Valck, E. (2011). Autopsy and Identification Techniques. In N.-A. M. (Ed.), The Tsunami Threat Research and Technology. InTech. Drummer OH and Gerostamoulos J (2002) Ther. Drug Monit. Flanagan RJ, Connally G, and Evans JM (2005) Toxicol. Rev. 24:63-71. Pervez. F (2001). Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry. Bronx Science. Retrieved April 23, 2014 from http://www.bxscience.edu/publications/forensics/articles/toxicology/f-toxi01.htm Immunochemistry Technologies, LLC (2013). What is an Immunoassay? Retrieved April 23, 2014 from http://www.immunochemistry.com/what-immunoassay National Criminal Justice Information Center. Retrieved April 24, 2014, from http://www.ncjrs.org/DrugsandCrime.asp Levine B (2006) Principles of Forensic Toxicology. American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Washington, DC. Fitzgerald, Rivera and Herold (2010). Broad Spectrum Drug Identification Directly from Urine, Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Clinical Chemistry. Retrieved April 23, 2014 from http://www.clinchem.org/content/45/8/1224.long Skopp G (2004) Forensic Sci. Society of Forensic Toxicologists/American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Forensic Toxicology Laboratory Guidelines. (2006).Retrieved April 24, 2014, from www.soft-tox.org. The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (2010). Retrieved April 23, 2014 from http://www.tiaft.org/abouttiaft Valdes, R. (2004, August 03). How Autopsies Work, HowStuffWorks.com. Watson, S. (2008). Forensic Drug Testing. HowStuffWorks.com. Retrieved April 25, 2014, from http://science.howstuffworks.com/forensic-lab-technique2.htm Westchester Department of Laboratories and Research. Forensic Chemistry. Retrieved April 25, 2014, from http://www.westchestergov.com/labsresearch/forensicandtox/forensic/ Wilkinson, Dale, Wayne and Martin, (2002). Physics and Forensics: Synchotron Radiation is helping to Identify Tiny Amounts of Paint, Drugs, and Fibers Found at Crime Scenes. Physics World. Sapkale, Patil, Surwase and Bhatbhage (2010). SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION. Sadguru Publication.

Assignment: Operations Decision Essay

Allentown Manufacturing Company is a family owned business that manufactures cardboard boxes. Currently, the company has a manpower rate of 100 workers that work 20 out of a month. The company has been able to last through some of the toughest economic times, but recently the AMC’s fixed cost is â€Å"high enough†, and their total costs are exceeding their total revenue. Assess the current environmental scan factors that are relevant to the decision making process. Determine the factors that will have the greatest impact on plant operations and management’s decision to continue or discontinue operations. Provide a rationale for your determination. Some environmental scan factors that are affecting the decision making process are social, economic and technological circumstances. When it comes to the social factors, the lack of properly trained and skilled laborers are affecting the amount of production being put out on a daily basis. The company needs to develop a better recruitment process and training program to employ the best and most profitable employees. In addition, the language barrier creates a problem for our managers. The majority of our workforce is Hispanic and speaks minimal English; this creates problems when trying to delegate job duties among the employees. The economic factors are that the country as a whole is trying to go green; therefore recycling old cardboard boxes is more environmentally friendly than using new ones. This causes a decrease in the amount of orders coming in, therefore affecting the amount being shipped out. The technological factors are the lack of computer skills by some of the labor force. If the machines that produce the product are not being run properly in order to produce the maximum output rate, then this will cause a decrease in profits. Management should focus the economic and social factors when coming to the decision whether or not to continue operations. If the company focused on what will either hold the company back or push it forward, and then issues will begin to reveal themselves. Evaluate the financial performance of the company using the information provided in the scenario. Consider all the key drivers of performance, such as company profit or loss for both the short term and long term and how each factor influences managerial decisions. Be sure to show the calculations that helped you reach your conclusions. The total revenue is the output multiplied by the number of units produced per month: TR=$32*6,000 TR= $192,000 The monthly wages for the worker are the number of workers multiplied by the daily wage multiplied by the number of days worked in each month: 100*$70*20= $140,000 The total variable cost is daily variable input multiplied by the number of days worked in a month: TVC=$2000*20 TVC= $40,000 Recommend how the company can improve its profitability to deliver more value to its stakeholders. Then, develop a brief plan to implement the recommendations. Allentown Manufacturing Company can improve its profitability in a variety of ways, such as expanding into new markets sectors, or developing new products or services. Some major changes that can take place to improve profitability can be to reduce manpower or scale back on working hours, reducing costs, and increasing productivity and efficiency. I think AMC should work with their top management to create a partnership with another company to begin manufacturing a new product to potentially increase profits. Another plan can be to reduce the manpower either by hours or by personnel. This will allow the company to save money on wages, employment taxes, and employment insurance such as workman’s compensation and unemployment insurance. Increasing productivity is a solid way to increase profitability. If the plant is able to acquire larger orders of boxes, this will in turn cause them manufacture a larger amount of boxes. Management would also have to decide the best way to train the workforce to work in a more efficient manner, decide whether or not it is feasible to purchase additional machines to increase the production and develop a proper training program to develop the workers’ skillset. Assess the circumstances in which the company should discontinue operations and how management should react when confronted with these circumstances. Provide a rationale with your response. The circumstances in which Allentown Manufacturing Company should discontinue their operations, is when their total costs surpass their total revenue. The company will not be able to maintain production or meet their cost demands such as salaries, materials, maintenance, etc. if they are constantly spending more money than they are making. Management should react in a manner that is in the best interest of the company and not themselves. If the manager or managers are not able to develop a solid plan to match or pass the total costs that company is hitting each month, than the most feasible thing to do would be to shut the plant down. By continuing to manufacture the cardboard boxes, they are constantly increasing their costs from the electricity being used, and the workers needing to get their salaries.

Creative Writing – It was just like any normal day in the picturesque suburb of Massapequa, N.Y.

It was just like any normal day in the picturesque suburb of Massapequa, N. Y. It was in the middle of fall and leaves were scattered on people's front lawns. It was a completely ordinary Sunday morning with people either going to the shops or just casually lazing around on their verrandahs, everyone leading a deceptively offhand style. But all was not the same for the Rediros. This family were living descendants and a modern replica of the infamous Gambino family. Amongst the Rediros' neighbourhood they present themselves differently and carry out their lives in a normal manner around home and try to show the residents they are average people living an uneventful, debonair life with a nonchalant attitude to life. Most of the criminal activity comes from the father of the family, Al Rediro, he was so high up in the ranks of the elusive New York crime family he practically had his own army there was talk from amongst his father's friends that Al Rediro was to become il capo di tutti cappi, the boss of bosses, godfather and chosen heir to Paul Castellano. Al Rediro made his money from owning various strip joints, bars, nightclubs, drug dealing, money laundering, prostitution and owning New York's biggest illicit stolen car ring. Carlo was one of the many people visiting the shops that day; he popped along to get some bread and milk. But once he returned he was in for a shock, a very big shock. He encroached his six bed-roomed well furnished house walking up the drive to notice the front door open; it all seemed a bit peculiar to Carlo for a neat family, leaving there front door open shows means there showing the neighbourhood into their lives. He could view through the illustrious and grand front door and immediately spotted furniture upturned and out of place; the house looked surprisingly out of touch for the neat family. He slowly peered his head inside and got more than he bargained for, he could blatantly tell someone had forced an entry quite simply ransacked the place, whether they had done anything else was for him to find out. He wondered around the ground floor and looked around, â€Å"hello, anyone there† he asked. He stood there looking helpless with a great big white, blank face as a sign of fear and desperation, wishing for a member of his family to reply. Silence. Carlo began to step around in his hallway cautiously watching where his feet landed amongst the furniture left wrecked around his house. He found nothing of use to him in finding his family, so he backed up against one of the walls and threw a book through the living room door on his left side, to show he's there in case anyone was in there. Then carefully, very slowly, he gently moved his head so only one eye could see in, he saw nothing wrong but could only see half of the room. Then suddenly he plucked up enough courage inside him and quickly jumped in to witness the tragic scene of his sister Ella lying with her back down on the sofa. That was the sofa the family would sit on and enjoy nights in and sing songs with the rest of the family, but now this time it was very different for his sister, Ella had been brutally stabbed in the back, the claret-red blood was all over her back saturating the back of her shirt, it was dripping off her nose from her face and staining the sofa all over. Carlo stood there about ten yards from her body standing completely shocked and dismayed. Carlo was now engaged in an emotional outburst crying out loud as any other 12 year old boy would seeing a dead body, especially his sister's, he began to sprint aimlessly around the house not having a clue what to do. Carlo dashed in and out of every room on his ground floor of his three storey house hoping to find a member of his family alive, but there was nothing to be seen, just more wreckage of their once beautifully kept house with beautiful dicor. He sprinted through his hallway, past the front door he arrived through and tore it up his staircase screaming for aid, help and to see his family. Once at the top to see he saw straight across the landing, his worst nightmare had just got even worse, he had now found his mother hanging from a noose in her bedroom doorway. The coldest part was when Carlo unexpectedly witnessed a gruesome sight of blood stemming profusely from her stomach. She had been riddled with bullets from an automatic gun across her torso to make sure she never survived her slow death of hanging. Continuously crying, Carlo was becoming more and more desperate by the minute. He carried running in and out of the bedrooms and had noticed Robbi, Carlo's nineteen year old brother had his window wide open. Carlo ran across and by now had learnt to expect the worst. He looked out everywhere to witness nothing wrong but peered his head out a bit more to look straight down and see Robbi square on the patio lying cold. Courageously he vowed to continue looking for his last possible living family member, his father, Al. Undoubtedly this attack on the family was from someone who knew Al and were never going to leave him be they were certain to chillingly kill him just like every other member of Carlo's family. In utter desperation Carlo continued searching. He had combed the whole house, apart from the basement where Carlo knew Al spent a lot of time. He sprinted down the steps to see fresh blood still wet on the floor. He followed one end of the trail to lead him to a laundry basket; quickly he opened it and straight away recognised a body but no head. He immediately followed the other end of the trail of blood to stand in front of the washing machine; he looked through the transparent screen to see his father's head knocking around. Carlo, screaming senselessly in a fit of anger, he was completely deluded as if he was in his worst nightmare, he knew he'd hit rock bottom. Without any hesitations he ran straight up the steps and across the hallway and exited through the front door and ran down the block heading for the park where he plays with his friends after school. But Carlo bumped into a man he recognised but hadn't introduced himself ever before, Carlo recognised him from the trips he had made to the grocery store throughout his childhood. The man introduced himself as Zack and immediately could tell something major had gone on in Carlo's life very recently. Carlo described to him the situation he was in and they wondered back to his flat and from then on they hit it off, they had a lot of things in common and they were more or less from the same background, Zack felt for Carlo and Carlo moved in with him. That night they watched the news and discovered the attack was an event waiting to happen amongst the underworld for many weeks. Ever since the trial of Vince Vandetti, Al de Miro had been waiting for it. Al de Miro had committed the biggest unwritten rule for anyone in the underworld, grassing. Al testified against Vince in his trial for the numerous money laundering arrangements he had made. Al wouldn't have done it but he gave in to the Courts, he was gong to risk jail for all his illicit businesses had it not been for all the deceitful and corrupt judges. They had struck a deal with Al, he testified and he would get immunity. Carlo had learnt everything now, everything was fitting into place but couldn't forget his father, his father had completely let the family down. For the next few weeks Carlo settled into Zack's two bed-roomed apartment. Together they worked well; they bonded to the extent that Zack became his legal guardian. But one day Carlo noticed something that would turn his life around – again. Zack was cleaning the barrel of a handgun. Carlo shocked with disbelief thought his days of lies and crime were over questioned Zack, â€Å"Why have you got a gun? † Zack replied calmly â€Å"this is my job Carlo. I'm a cleaner; I get paid to do this†. Carlo was in an outrage. â€Å"Did you kill my family? † Zack told Carlo he would never do such a thing because he has two rules:- 1. No women 2. No children He also told him he doesn't know who killed his family. Carlo is a soloist who does jobs for the Mafia and proclaimed he has never had links with Vince Vandetti. From then on Carlo agreed with him and believed him, he changed also as a person and began to train with Zack for the skills he needed, Zack became an inspiration and Carlo declared he wanted to be a cleaner as well. After over 9 months of intensive training and expert tips Carlo turned into a one time 15 year old with a scrawny figure to a muscle bounding, flesh hungry assassin. They were beginning jobs together and by the age of 17, Carlo had killed 12 men. There was one job though that the Mafia gave Carlo and Zack, this was thought to be a good incentive for Carlo, it was to eliminate Vince Vandetti from life. The job was also aimed to take out the whole Vandetti family, Vince had got off lightly as some of the charges against him were dropped for a lack of evidence, this meant he was only in prison for two years. Once out Vince and his own family had severed links with the Mafia as Al de Miro was much loved within the Mafia. Since out of prison Vince grew links down south with the Columbian Mafia. So for Zack and Carlo to do their job they went there, they posed as drug dealers and arranged a meeting with him at a casino. However, they had other things on their mind and set up a post on the roof of a building with their sniper and night-vision scope. They found him dressed in a long dark grey jacket on the crowded street, the setting was perfect as they would never be caught as everyone would be panicking, then they aimed at him and Carlo fired with pleasure. They decided between themselves that he was definitely dead quickly before a mass crowd occurred around him; they fled the scene and got on the next plane to New York. All was well, they touched down safely and got on with the rest of their lives and carried on doing more jobs. Three months later word must have spread, Carlo and Zack had been found out and on a normal trip to the grocery store they were both wrestled by two men into a dark alley and executed in the head as part of a reprisal. They paid the consequences for just one of their many jobs, people said Carlo should have given up and left the New York crime scene since the loss of his family and set up life elsewhere and continued with the rest of his childhood but he didn't and ultimately paid the price. But people who remembered Carlo and Zack, the only people who can consecrate their memory, were fellow callous minded members of the Mafia from the New York underground crime scene turned up to their joint funeral to give their condolences to two very loyal colleagues killed on the job.

Inclusion What Is Inclusion

Inclusion is the educational practice of educating children with disabilities in classrooms with children without disabilities. Prior to the PL 94-142, the Education of All Handicapped Children Act, promised all children a public education for the first time. Prior to the law, enacted in 1975, only large districts provided any programming for special education children, and often the SPED kids were relegated to a room down near the boiler room, out of the way and out of sight. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act established two important legal concepts based upon the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, FAPE, or Free and Appropriate Public Education, and LRE or Least Restrictive Environment. FAPE insured that the district was providing a free education that was appropriate for the childs need. Public insured that it was provided in a public school. LRE insured that the least restrictive placement was always sought. The first default position was meant to be in the childs neighborhood school in a classroom with typically developing general education students. There has been a broad range of practices from state to state and district to district. Because of lawsuits and due process actions, there is increasing pressure on states to put special education students in general education classrooms for part or all of their day. Among the most noteworthy is Gaskins Vs. the Pennsylvania Department of Education, which forced the department to insure that districts place as many children with disabilities in general education classrooms for all or part of the day. That means more inclusive classrooms. Two Models There are generally two models for inclusion: push in or full inclusion. Push In has the special education teacher enter the classroom to provide instruction and support to children. The push in teacher will bring materials into the classroom. The teacher may work with the child on math during the math period, or perhaps reading during the literacy block. The push in teacher also often provides instructional support to the general education teacher, perhaps helping with differentiation of instruction. Full Inclusion places a special education teacher as a full partner in a classroom with a general education teacher. The general education teacher is the teacher of record, and is responsible for the child, even though the child may have an IEP. There are strategies to help children with IEPs succeed, but there are also many challenges. No doubt not all teachers are well suited to partner in full inclusion, but skills for collaboration can be learned. Differentiation is an incredibly important tool to help children with disabilities succeed in an inclusive classroom. Differentiation involves providing a range of activities and using a variety of strategies for children with different abilities, from learning disabled to gifted, to successfully learn in the same classroom. A child receiving special education services may participate fully in the same program as the general education children with supports from the special education teacher, or may participate in a limited way, as they are able. In some rare occasions, a child may work exclusively on goals in their IEP in a general education classroom alongside typically developing peers. For inclusion to truly succeed, special educators and general educators need to work closely together and compromise. It definitely requires that teachers have training and support to overcome the challenges they must meet together.