Fiat. A troubled European Giant. Answer 4 questions+Introduction and Coursework

Fiat. A troubled European Giant. Answer 4 questions+Introduction and Summary - Coursework ExampleThe company fell because of embezzlement of capital by the Agnelli family, which owns about 34% of the normal shares through the holding companies Ifi and Ifil. The Agnelli Family control maintenance has been a priority hence making it hard for Fiat to reach into treacheries and joint businesses that are common among its rivals. Fiat has been investing slowly in the quality improvements and other innovations placing itself at a weak position of quality guarantees when challenger was opened in the market. The company had many debts that amounted to 6bn, with its falling selling that fetched it losses. Still in this state about 6000 job were lost and production was stopped in 18 plants.The company offset some ventures such as insurance and aero- engines operations. Even though Mr. Berlusconi had promised to improve economy, cut taxes, and reforms in the structure, he faced troubles to r each out them as he faced public rejection to the unpalatable changes. Intense competition and a declining market share is the main problem, which causes the following as domestic brands slope to dominate home market, Fiats proportion of sales in Italy is high. Still, this dominance is on decline, as in 2004 domestic brands had fallen approximately for 30% of sales. Fiats business face generational turnover and increased overseas competition. Initially, Fiat was closely allied with the government which was instrumental to its post-war economic retrieval and which enabled Fiat to shelter from international competition.In addition, the company concentrates on the compact market in European countries whereby with a small company they can quell to pay more attention to the quality of their products. Fiats vehicles have been enhanced greatly which made the company get over $ 70 billion Euros as the demand of their cars increased.The company needs to turn around the business so that it would be attractive enough for General Motors to its shares. In

National Air Sapce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Air Sapce - Essay ExampleSuch a responsibility is likely to generate competitive advantage. In addition, Greenberg, McKone-Sweet, & Wilson (150) explain that premium customers are likely to offset social cost of service delivery and this impart manage cost implications of the orders on the airline companies. The identified fuel efficiency get out also reduce cost in the long term and accession long-term profitability. Legal obligations and consequences of breach of contract will also motivate the airline companies to uphold the orders and two possible remedies to breach of contract explain this. The companies will still be forced to make the purchases under the doctrine of specific performance and this will mean wasted time and money in discriminatory processes. Cancelling the contracts will also lead to monetary expenses in damages should the companies be allowed to cancel the contracts but this would still be costly (Schaffer, Agusti, & Dhooge 108).Upholding contracts for the new aircrafts offers advantages such as competitive advantage due to social responsibility, increased profitability due to fuel efficiency, and ability to raise prices among premium customers without reducing utility. Cancelling the contracts would however have ratified implications into unnecessary financial losses.The companies will therefore go ahead with the contracts because of the many advantages of the move and disadvantages of cancelling the contracts. These motivate purchase of the new fuel-efficient aircrafts.Greenberg, Danna, McKone-Sweet, Kate, & Wilson, James. The new entrepreneurial leader Ddeveloping leaders who shape social and economic opportunity. San Francisco, CA Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2011.

How to Empower Employees Essay Example for Free

How to Empower Employees EssayIn todays marketplace it is more important than ever to implement employee empowerment policies in purchase order to keep a competitive advantage. An empowered employee feels in control of their position, as well as a valued member of their organization. These employees have a smack of job enrichment which creates a more productive work environment for them, as well as their coworkers. Employee empowerment is a way to allot power in the company patch raising productivity and creating job fulfillment in the organization. This helps to offer round valuable advantages to the organization and lowers the employee turnover rate (Korkmaz, 2012).There ar many different ways a company undersurface increase employee empowerment. A few important examples are by allowing for a large pointedness of autonomy, creating jobs with significance and areas for future advancement, giving and receiving employee feedback, and having a competitive receipts and comp ensation program for employees. These enrichment techniques will help to improve productivity, create higher employee morale, relieve some of the pressure on management, and help to recruit high-skilled individuals for employment (Gerhart, Hollenbeck, Noe, 2011). The most important technique with regards to employee enrichment is Autonomy, which is adding more freedom in the decision making ability an employee holds. This is a great way to empower an employee. Two examples of this would be giving an employee the ability to decide the best process for creating a project, rather than instructing them on definite move to take.One may in like manner receive the authority to handle customer complaints. These critical thinking practices will make an employee much more involved in their position, dapple helping to relieve management of the constant supervision of less important tasks (Hardr Reeve, 2009). some other effective method would be creating a position which conveys a sense of importance, as well as having the possibility for promotion. This is a great way to create a long lasting relationship with an employee, while to a fault encouraging them to strive for future advancement. Stressing the importance of the job at hand will motivate the employee, while giving them a greater sense of pridefulness in the position they hold. This could be demonstrated by getting the employee involved in the bigger picture of what a company is trying to accomplish (Gerhart et al, 2011).Another technique with regards to employee enrichment is giving and receiving employee feedback. This action helps to motivate the employee by constructing positive reinforcement on the favorable aspects of their performance. This aids in guiding the employee with direct future expectations and goals, while also verbally rewarding them for their positive characteristics. This is a very motivating, yet cost effective technique that will benefit both the employee and the company. By also allo wing the employee to give feedback regarding management and production, the employee gains a feeling that their opinion is meaningful and beneficial to the operations of the company(Harms Roebuck, 2010).The last example for creating employee empowerment is to have a competitive benefit plan for employees. Along with some of the benefits included in a standard plan, some examples of benefits that empower employees could include letting an employee create their own schedule, giving spare time off for meeting certain requirements, and the ability to choose certain assignments over others. Other ways to empower employees through benefits would be to allow separately member to pick and choose what benefits are right for them based on their specific lifestyles. (Gerhart et al, 2011).Empowering employees is an important aspect for any company. There are many enrichment techniques that can be implemented to improve productivity, raise employee morale, and recruit high skilled employees f or future success. By applying these techniques, management gives their company the competitive advantage over the rest, while creating long lasting relationships with their employees.ReferencesGerhart, B., Hollenbeck, J., Noe, R., Wright, P. (2011). Analyzing Work and Designing Jobs. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 95-116, 390-404. Hardr, P. L., Reeve, J. (2009). Training corporate managers to adopt a more autonomy-supportive motivating style toward employees an interjection study. International Journal Of Training Development, 13(3), 165-184. Harms, P. L., Roebuck, D. (2010). Teaching the Art and Craft of Giving and Receiving Feedback. Business Communication Quarterly, 73(4),413-431. Korkmaz, O. (2012). Differences in Employees Perception of Employee Empowerment Practices. European Journal Of friendly Science, 34(1), 43-57.

Hamilton Versus Jefferson Essay Example for Free

Hamilton Versus Jefferson EssayThe differences between Alexander Hamilton and doubting Thomas Jefferson were certainly profound. Hamilton in general was more eloquent, a centralist, some may redden call him a monarch-sympathizer. Thomas Jefferson was anti-federalism, pro- enounce authority, and overall down-to-earth. These two men have created the types of ideologies the modern two-party system operates by, despite George Washingtons warning of much(prenominal) division.Alexander Hamilton was one of the vigorous advocates of ratifying the constitution in replacement of the Articles of Confederation that did nothing to form a single currency, a strong economy, or a proper domestic security, in wake of the Shays rebellion. Thus, Alexander authored the majority of the federalist papers, which urged for a more central administration. Hamilton wished for a stronger economy based on national encouragement through a national bank, a single currency, and tariffs to protect American i ndustry.He also wanted a central government to assume all state-debt by creating a permanent national debt through the continuing sale of bonds. In this way, the states would be subservient to the national government. In contrast, Thomas Jefferson became an adamant figure in the opposition party, the Republican Party. This party felt that the federalists were attempting to establish another tyranny to rule the states.Thus, the party was in favor of states rights and anti-federalism. Jefferson himself was not opposed to a strong national economy but was fearful of massive urbanization and government centralism. He believed the heart of the American economy was the independence of the agrarian life. That farmers ought to be the heart of America competing in a free-market both nationally and internationally.

Essay About Bullying Essay Example for Free

Essay About Bullying EssayThere be millions of children in the United States that attend local school districts that be causeing from an epidemically called boss around. Bullying does not discriminate against age, sex, or race it is an ongoing problem that needs ad make outing neighboring(a)ly. It is brisk that this situation is identified to prevent irreversible psychological damage to the victim. If this situation is not detained in a timely manner the situation can pulverise an individuals self-image and many times have fatal consequences. It is essential to train school district employees and pargonnts with a variety of strategies to assist victims with browbeat. There argon many factors that can contribute to a child or adolescent in becoming a target of bullying. There argon no particularized characteristics that will prevent an individual in becoming a target.Bullies operate alone or in a group to torment their victim. Bullies always set up victims that seem vul nerable to them and know that they will not react to the situation. Bullying has been defined as a repeated aggressive behavior whereby a bully, or groups of bullies, systematically victimized weaker peers (Olweus, 1993 Willard, Perry, 1990). Bullying grew tremendously in the last decade, it is no longer ripe about being made fun of the way you dress or look now it is more complicated. Bullying no longer stays in classrooms, schools, or neighborhoods. Technology allows bullying to travel around the globe in a matter of minutes this process is done through and through your fingertips. There are many types of bullying the old fashion type are still in place the bully victimize its target victim face to face it consist of pointing at a person laughing at them and standing there until they see them cry. There is also indirect bullying this means that they make no physical contact with the victim the bullies just dissipate rumors about the victim and ruin their reputation and credibi lity with their peers.Now with technology being so advanced cyber-bullying has made its entrance which consists of bullying an individual through websites like face book, Instagram, twitter, or any school website that students create.Another powerful trend that is in the rise is sexting. Sexting consists of sending or receiving explicit or sexually suggestive nude or seminude images generally via cell phone devices only. In our baseball club today, we see a growing concern regarding bullying. Teacher and professionals are aware of bullying, was not taken lightly as decades ago. All school districts nationwide have adopted a policy that has been in effect its called Anti-Bullying policy. This policy has a zero tolerance in bullying in school grounds. Once the victim reports the incident school officials have to take immediate action to protect the victim from the aggressor. School district have also developed many intervention plans and strategies to reduce bullying, they are proac tive in the anti-bullying policy.Districts are making sure that every student is aware of the anti-bullying policy and learn techniques in how to protect themselves and where to seek for help if needed. Bullying is not considered a shape part of growing up. When parents would state that bullying is a part of growing up that the victim had to toughen up, or like many would day it is just childs play. They never realize that impact that these victims had in their adulthood due to the bullying in their childhood years. Being bullied creates an abnormal family environment. The victim distances themselves from the family to avoid having to discuss the problem. Many times this causes scars in the victims that it prevents them from living a normal life. In cases like this, it is recommended that individuals look for help immediately. A professional is the best woof for a family in assisting them in the healing process. We need to find ways to target bullying efficiently to avoid low self -esteem issues that children and adolescents are encountering in their safe zone that should be their school and environment.We need to be aware that if these problems are not targeted the victims will have emotional and mental problems and may get them to commit suicide. America is a land of dreams and opportunities this country has been liberal and allows everyone to have freedom of speech. We are now at an era that peoples rights are equal. Now laws have been changed to respect the gay and lesbian alliance rights in society. There are clubs and organizations in schools that support lesbian and gay rights. These types of clubs create a tense situation among peers and people that join these clubs become targets of bullying. Observing the world of bullying we are able to identify the potential harm that causeschildren and adolescents to live trap in this life. As counselors, our job is to be able to identify this matter quickly.To try to prevent the victim in falling through the cr acks and start experimenting with drugs, suffer from depression or decide to escape the situation through suicide. We all need to unite and stand together and target this problem hand in hand with all the resources available. The commitment we have to the community should be one hundred percent. In conclusion, we are aware of the types of bullying that exist in society today, we are also armed with the best key to defeating this issues knowledge. Our oath as professionals is that we are willing to go over and beyond to help a bullying victim and their families. Considering all the points discussed today we are able to acknowledge that we need to create a team with parents to make sure that if a problem of bullying ever arises we are able to communicate and prevent a victim to becoming psychologically disturb and a family to lose a loved one.References record Mental Health. Nov 2012, 6 (4), 325-339.15Retrieve on 3/21/14FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. Jun 2013, 82(6), 2-4-5Retrieve on 3/21/14

The Pros And Cons Of Theory In Family Nursing Nursing Essay

The Pros And Cons Of scheme In Family Nursing Nursing EssayHumanistic nursing embraces to a greater extent than a benevolent skillfully competent subject- object unidirectional relationship guided by a nurse in behalf of another. Rather it dictates that nursing is a responsible searching, transactional relationship whose meaningfulness demands conceptualization founded on a nurses experiential aw beness of self and of the other (Paterson Zderad, 2008) dduncan2011-02-24T172800Great quote, you need to include a page numberIn Patersons and Zderads Humanistic Nursing, they believe that nursing is to a greater extent(prenominal) than having a technical approach to patients, but to a fault to be possessed of a self-aw areness of themselves and inquire into their experiences with patients. Paterson and Zderad suggest that nurses have a in the flesh(predicate) knowing that they can apply to there casual practice experience. The Humanistic Nursing Theory is one of the many theories that can help shape a nurses actions and guide their practice.The Humanist Theory was developed by Dr. Josephine Paterson and Dr. Loretta Zderad. Dr. Patersons education background include a doctor of nursing science degree and a major in public health. Dr. Zderad education background included a doctorate in philosophy while majoring in psychiatric nursing. withal, their dissertation papers focused on comfort and empathy. During the 1950s they had met while working at a University. Together, they developed a new program that integrated psychiatric and community health components. This experience was the beginning of there friendship that lasted more than 35 years (Paterson Zderad, 2008). Having similar education backgrounds, they shared their experiences and insights. Together they plused a new position and approach to nursing that led them into created the Humanistic Nursing hypothesis. In 1976, they published their book called Humanistic Nursing. The philosophic ideas that f ormed the two theorists view was nurses have an intuitive knowing and by reflecting on their experiences and gaining more awareness of themselves, they are consequently capable to inquire more into their practice. dduncan2011-02-24T172900Grammar issuesThe Humanistic Theory defines the focus of family nursing by creating an interconnection between the nurse and patient or family. As the nurse gains awareness of their own panorama of the patients situation, the nurse is then able to withhold his/her viewpoint so that they dont interfere in the patient describing their experience. by dint of identifying and withholding personal viewpoints, the nurse is more open to new and different concepts. In turn, the nurse gains more ensureing of the individuals perspective and is better able to understand the patient more intuitively.dduncan2011-02-24T173100Stephanie, you need to reference these ideas as they are clearly not yours Using intuition allows the nurse to communicate from an authen tic perspective where the patient is empathetically heard. The nurse is better able to present himself/herself as a real and genuine individual. Furthermore, the humanistic theory suggests that openness, sharing and caring leads to (the) refinement of (an) individual or (a) groups angular views (where) each (are) becoming more than before (Paterson Zderad, 2008). As patients feel accepted and precautiond for, a bond is established. Through effective conference the patient is better able to understand themselves, thus allowing an opportunity for them to grow. When patients feel empathetically heard, it poses more possible for them to listen more accurately to the flow of interior(a) experiences (Rogers, p.116, 1995). Through intuitive understanding and back and forth confabulation, patients and nurses are better able to connect with each other.While establishing relationships with families is an important prospect in nursing, nurses overly have to keep up with the rapid chang ing health care system. An underlying truth in nursing today is that nursing has become more technical. delinquent to a fast paced health care environment and rapid technical advances, nurses are pressured to keep up with the rapid changing health care system. As a result, the nurses relationship with the patient is sometimes overlooked (Kleiman, 2008). Not only are nurses impacted by constant changing technology, they are also influenced by the governments decrease infunding of the health care system. Due to cut backs, hospitals have limited resources and support for services which can result in increased nursing workloads. Nurses who work in environments with limited resources may find their experiences emotionally challenging (McCloskey, 2010, p.234). Nurses create a barrier with themselves and patients when they feel stress and anxiety. Due to stress and technical advances, nurses may find difficulty in establishing genuine alterative relationships with patients thus preventi ng them from practicing the Humanistic Theory.While there are underlining truths in nuring that may limit connection with others, the Humanistic Theory enables me to become more aware of my true self. Through reflection, I am able to go inwards and gain understanding of my attitudes and belief systems. Individuals have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self-directed behaviours (Rogers, 1995, p115). Understanding that some of my behaviours may be hindering my progress in establishing a therapeutic relationship with patients, I can take action and change these behaviours. The Humanistic Theory helps me understand that my perspective of the patients experience may be different from the patients perspective thus hindering myauthentic presence with the patient. Having self-awareness and taking action, enables me to feel more empowered. Through gaining more awareness and making changes, the Humanistic Theory provides individuals an opportunity for personal growth.In relation to personal growth, the Humanistic Theory enables me to reflect more on my nursing practice and to have a broader perspective on situations. Through reflection of my experiences, I am able to identify my strengths and weakness that may be holding me back in developing therapeutic relationships with patients. The Humanistic Theory enable me to become more aware of my habits of thinking. Furthermore, the Humanistic Theory influences me to reflect and change my beliefs thus allowing me to have a more convinced(p) and accepting attitude towards patients. In turn, my genuine attitude influences patients to feel genuinely accepted and truly heard thus providing an opportunity for them to grow. Humanism requires nurses to develop relationships with patients that are grounded on empathic understanding. This process necessitates an acceptance of the individuality of each person and each encounter (Scalon, p.760, 2006). Thro ugh understanding the patient more effectively, I am better able to provide nursing care that is more congruent with where the patient is at in life. When I am presently in the moment with a patient, I am able to communicate authentically to them and feel genuinely empathetic towards them. The experience not only benefits them, but also offers personal fulfillment and growth for myself. Without resistance, I am able to communicate more effectively and have more understanding toward others therefore, I feel more tender and am able to project unconditional love towards others. I can make a difference in ones life.Not only does the humanistic theory allow me to be more compassionate with patients, but also with staff members. Being authentic and genuine with coworkers,I am able to establish a respectful relationships and create a more interconnected work environment. Through creating connections with individuals within the hospital, a community can be establish. Creating an integrate d community result help promote an environment with compassionate communication.In relation to compassionate communication, my personal beliefs are very much similar to the Humanistic Theory approach. I believe that each individual has their own limitations and barriers that prevent them from establishing an authentic connection with others. By identifying those barriers, they can heal themselves and undergo personal growth to become more present in the moment. Many individuals may not be aware that they themselves are hindering their own relationships with others and even themselves. Similarly to the humanistic theory, by reflecting casual on our behaviours, especially the ones that cause discomfort in us, we can gain a better understanding of why we act that certain way. For myself, I admire reflecting daily in my journal. I reflect roughly situations that occur in my life and identify certain patterns in my behaviour. Through reflection, I am able to describe how I felt in the experience and what it reminded me of in the past. I realize that how I felt and how I reacted in the experience, was a trigger from a past hurt that I had not completely healed from. Having awareness of my experience is similar to the Humanistic theory perspective. Furthermore, as long as I remain unhealed, I will continue to project my past issues into the present moment thus creating a barrier in establishing an authentic relationship with others. Similarly to the humanistic theory, I also believe that I can make changes in myself and grow as an individual. As I reflect and become more aware of myself, I can choose to make changes. As a result, I become more evolved and in tune with my inner being where I feel more enlightened and empowered in life.Some of my experiences that are congruent with the Humanistic Theory include my relationships with friends. For instance, when a friend calls me to talk about a difficult time that they are going through, it is only when I am fully pr esent in the moment, I am able to empathise and support them through their experience. In relation to the humanistic theory, the theory suggests that when one is intuitively aware and present, then they can be genuinely empathetic. At times, when I am not present in the moment, my mind is elsewhere and I dismiss the opportunity to be truly authentic and to hear my friends feelings. I miss the opportunity to be truly there for them and to see them go through there ups and downs in life. Similarly to the humanistic theory, one may have barriers that are withholding them from being able to experience another individuals perspective. Through my awareness, I can prevent this situation from happening and create full filling and unforgettable experiences with friends.I feel that the actions this theory directs me to take are in the best interests of families in a clinical setting. Through my past clinical experiences, I have had the opportunity to experience an application of the humani stic nursing theory. The theory is in the best interest of the family because it encourages professionals to reflect on their practice and learn from their experiences with families. By become more aware of themselves in situations with families, nurses are then better able to identify their own barriers in the relationships. Through awareness and intuitive knowing, nurses are then able to inquire more about the family thus the family will feel more understood and better able to communicate there needs. Effective communication between the nurse and family encourages trust and openness leading to a therapeutic relationship.

Green Logistic Or Sustainable Logistics Management Environmental Sciences Essay

thou Logistic Or sustainable Logistics Management environsal Sciences Essay Logistics is a physical distribution, it is an area of high potential cost savings, improved guest satisf activity and competitive effectiveness. Following are coming under the logistic agreements 1) consume housing 2) Inventory view as 3) Materials handling 4) Order butt oning 5) Transportation.1. A Definition of the study A widely accepted definition is the one provided by the council of Supply Chain Management professionals (CSMP. Previously Council of Logistic Management. CLM) in the USA is Logistic is the part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and depot of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirement. (P 195) (Business Administration for Students and Managers. Dr. Lawerence Mensah Akwetey 2011.Logistics is concerned with the efficient flow of crude ma terials of work in process inventory and of finished goods from supplier to customer.In addition to expat logistics entails inventory control, warehousing, materials handling, order processing and related information activities regard in the flow of products. (Regan et al 2000)Green logistics is a traditional logistics seeks to organize forward distribution that is the transport, warehousing, Packaging and inventory management from the producer to consumer, environmental considerations candid up markets for recycling and disposal and led to the entire new subsector of reverse logistics.The reverse distribution involves the transport of waste and military campaign of engrossd materials. While the toll reverse logistics is widely used. Other names progress to been applied such as reverse distribution reverse flow logistics and green logistics (Byne and Deep 1993).lading transport provides the link in the supply chain between echelons that enable products to be available to the customer in the dependable place at the right time (Potter and Lalwani 2005)1. B.Objective of the study Review and analysis out how the logistic systems affect the environment. In the Green logistics, we have to make ensure the achievement of transport logistics congruous with the environment.The ideas of sustainable ontogeny originate from the 1987 Brundtland report (ACE 2004) also known as our common future. This report alerted the world to the urgency of making progress toward economic development that could be sustained without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.Example Over recent years Irelands per capital have been house gas (GHG) emissions have risen to be one of the highest in Europe. This rise in emission is no small part attribute to the 165 % increase in transport emissions in the flow rate 1990 to 2006.The focus of this study is on the development of environmentally conscious supply chains in Ireland through the studying the harmful adjoin that logistical activities have on the environment with this in mind the following section forget define the Green or Sustainable supply chain and introduce the creation of sustainable logistics.Supply chain management was defined by Christopher (1998) is Supply chain management involves the management of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at little cost to the supply chain as a whole.Supply chains have been shown to high contributors to the century footprint of or so goods (van Hoek 2001) with Eyefortransportv (2008) claiming that up to 75 % of a companys carbon footprint is derived from supply chain activities.The Green or Sustainable supply chain is an approach which seeks to minimise a product or services ecological footprint (Bearing point 2008). The concept covers all the phases of a products life cycle from the extraction of raw materials through the design, doing and distribution phases to the use of the prod uct by consumes and their eventual disposal of same. Sustainable logistics is a key element in the development of environmentally conscious /Green supply chain design.Green Design Green design can be described as an approach which seeks to reduce a products environmental impact throughout its complete lifecycle through the design of the product.Green sourcing or Green Procurement It is where environmental criteria are included in the decision making process when sourcing products or services.Green manufacturing Has the goal of reducing the environmental impact of the manufacturing function in supply chains through the reduction of the environmental impact of the use of materials and energy.Green logistics Has the aim of meeting cost targets and customer service levels with reduced pollution from the transport, warehousing, inventory management and distribution function in the supply chain. Sustainable logistics is a key element in the development of environmentally conscious/ green supply chain design.Reverse Logistics It represents all operations related to the reprocess of products and materials. It is vital component of green supply chains providing a means for products/materials to be returned from the user to the producer in order to be recycled, reused or reconditioned.Logistics and the EnvironmentFreight transportation by channel is the dominant mode of freight transport in many economies due mainly to the flexibility and speed that the movement of freight by road offersWhen compared to railway, inland waterway or Sea transport (Mason and Lalwani 2004).This is particularly true for Ireland as 90 % of freight traffic occurs in the road( Ryan et al 2003).In freight transport the burning of petrol and diesel fuels in internal combustion engines leads to the chemical by-product of Nitrous Oxide, Methane and most importantly Carbon Di Oxide.Transport in Ireland is a major contributing factor to Irelands overall emissions accounting for a 20.8 % share of t otal emissions in 2007, 97% of which is from road transport (EPA 2008)Aronsson (2006) highlighted major source of environmental problems have received during the last decade by transportation.Recommendation As highlighted by Tenekcioglu (2004) certain mode of transportation such as rail and maritime transport are considered green modes because their effects are less detrimental to the environmental to the environment. These modes produce less pollution, less noise and account for less accident.GLOBAL WARMINGThe stern (2006) report on climate change outlines that it is now widely accepted that if no action is taken on reducing GHG emissions and in particular carbon Dioxide (co2) emissions that based on current trends in the next 50 years or so 2-3 Celsius increase in global temperature can be predicted causing disastrous effects in the areas of Food sources, water, Health, Land, Environment. For example Ireland National Climate change dodge 2007- 2012 report states that continued emi ssions of green house gases at or above rates would result climate system over this century than those observed to date.The part of transport Ireland (2009) estimate that over 30 % transport emissions in Ireland come from freight transport.If atmospheric concentration of green house gas had been stabilized at 2000 levels, warming and ocean level rise would continue at least until the end of this century due to the time scales associated with climate process and feedback. (Department of the Environment hereditary pattern and Local government Ireland 2007)Effects 1) A temperature increase of 0.2 Celsius per decade for the next two decades with a warming of 1.8 to 4 Celsius by 2100.2) Global average sea level rise in the ranges 18- 38 cm for the low emissions scenario and 26-59 cm for the high emissions scenario.3) It is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more frequent and likely that future tropical cyclones will become m ore intense.4) Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations lead to change magnitude acidification of the ocean.Standards, Tools Methodologies for sustainable supply chain managementSustainable supply chain implementation requires standards to allow measurement of environmental impact methodologies and support tools to allow bridal of environment practices. This provides an overview of standards, tools and methodologies for the implementation of sustainable supply chains.Environmental Management systemEMS standards have been developed as tools to allow the management of organizations to better identify, manage and control their activities that can impact the environment.EMS standards were developed in the early 1990s in several countries. The standards was approved by the British Standards Institution (BSI) IN 1992 and became a stupefy for the ISO standard 14401, which was elaborated in the years 1991-1996.The European Eco-Management and Audit scheme( EMAS) was adopted in 1993.(EEB 2003).ISO 14000 Specifies a set of measures to be incorporated into a companys management system aimed at dealing with environmental aspects in a systematic way including the following major elements.Definition of an environmental policy including performance objectivesAssessment of environmental aspectsIdentification of legal obligationsEstablishing an Environmental management programme.Definition of procedures to achieve the objectivesMonitoring of the systems and improvementThe European EMAS scheme is based on the international standards but contains supernumerary requirementInitial environmental review.Independent verificationAn accreditation system for verifiersValidated environmental statementsEmployee involvementIndustrial carbon foot printing standards and Methodologies.A carbon footprint is The total set of green house gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual event, organisation, and product expressed as carbon Di Oxide (Carbon blaspheme 2007)The British standards Institute (BSI) developed the publicly available specification (PAS) 2050 as a method for measuring the embodied GHG emission from goods and services.Conclusion and Recommendations Tackling waste in Freight transport.Lean supply chain management is a technique that analyses ways to eliminate wastes in the production process thus increasing efficiency. In supply chain management Mason and Lalwani (2006) identify some hidden wastes in transport and logistics management which eventually have to be paid for by supply chain customers. These wastes includesSlow vehicle turnaround timesLow back haul levelsLow fill ratesDuplicated administrationPoor turn over utilisation.If we avoid all those things we can maintain the sustainable logistics without damage the environment or with minimum damage of the environment.